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		<title>Carribean - UnHerd</title>
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		<description>think again</description>
		<lastBuildDate>Wed, 16 Feb 2022 11:12:39 +0000</lastBuildDate>
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					<title>Brexiteers must sacrifice the Queen</title>
					<link>https://stage.unherd.com/2022/02/brexiteers-must-give-up-the-commonwealth/?edition=us</link>
											<comments>https://stage.unherd.com/2022/02/brexiteers-must-give-up-the-commonwealth/?edition=us#comments</comments>
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					<dc:creator>
						<![CDATA[Peter Franklin]]>
					</dc:creator>
					<unherd:creator_img>https://stage.unherd.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Peter-F.jpg?w=96</unherd:creator_img>
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							<![CDATA[Enjoy your holiday (Samir Hussein/WireImage/Getty)]]>
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						<unherd:twitter_bio>
							<![CDATA[<p><strong>Peter Franklin</strong> is Associate Editor of <em>UnHerd</em>. He was previously a policy advisor and speechwriter on environmental and social issues.</p>
]]>
						</unherd:twitter_bio>
						<unherd:twitter_handle>peterfranklin_</unherd:twitter_handle>
															<unherd:author_bio>
						<![CDATA[ is Associate Editor of <em>UnHerd</em>. He was previously a policy advisor and speechwriter on environmental and social issues.]]>
					</unherd:author_bio>
										<pubDate>Wed, 16 Feb 2022 00:00:36 +0000</pubDate>
					<updated>Wed, 16 Feb 2022 11:12:39 +0000</updated>
							<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bahamas]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Barbados]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Belize]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Brexit]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Brexiteers]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Britain]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Carribean]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Commonwealth]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Jamaica]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Kate Middleton]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Meghan Markle]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Monarchy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Prince Harry]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Prince William]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Queen Elizabeth II]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Remainers]]></category>
					<guid isPermaLink="false">https://old.unherd.com/?p=354160</guid>
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								<![CDATA[The Commonwealth must be allowed to split]]>
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								<![CDATA[<p>In a sure sign that normality is back, the Royals are off on their travels.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Next month, the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge <a href="https://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-10510125/Duke-Duchess-Cambridge-launch-Caribbean-charm-offensive.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">embark</a> upon a twelve-day official visit to the Caribbean. If Putin conquers all of Europe, then at least they’ll be safe.</p>
<p>And yet, at the same time, my heart sinks. You see, this isn’t just any royal tour — it’s a rescue mission. The itinerary takes in the Bahamas, Jamaica and Belize — all countries where Her Majesty the Queen happens to be head of state. But for how much longer?</p>
<p>Last year, Barbados declared itself a republic — and so it looks like Kate and Wills have been dispatched to shore-up the remaining monarchies in the region. Officially, the tour is about environmental issues, but no one’s fooled. This is very obviously a royal version of Operation Save Big Dog. And I’m not sure that’s at all wise.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p>
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<p>For a start, it raises the temperature. One moment, you’re a Bahamian or a Jamaican getting on with your day, the next a British Prince turns up and suddenly you’re forced to question why you have foreigner as a head of state.</p>
<p>Meanwhile, back home, all the wrong people will be milking the issue. That small band of fervent Remainers who take unwholesome pleasure from any hint of British humiliation will be overjoyed. Last week, they enjoyed a cheap thrill when the Russian foreign minister <a href="https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/boris-johnson-and-liz-truss-urge-russia-to-back-down-over-ukraine-d27ns5w8b" target="_blank" rel="noopener">monstered</a> Liz Truss in Moscow; so imagine what they’ll make of Prince William begging for his granny’s job in Jamaica. The spectacle of the Queen getting the sack from multiple countries would suit the declinists down to the ground. So much for Global Britain, they&#8217;ll chirp.</p>
<div class="ref-ar"><a href="https://stage.unherd.com/2026/11/test-article/?edition=us&#038;ref=refinnar" class="text-decoration-none border-0"><a href="https://stage.unherd.com/2026/11/test-article/?edition=us&#038;ref=refinnar" class="text-decoration-none border-0"><img decoding="async" src="" /></a><div class="content"><a href="https://stage.unherd.com/2026/11/test-article/?edition=us&#038;ref=refinnar" class="text-decoration-none border-0"><span class="meta">Suggested reading</span></a><a href="https://stage.unherd.com/2026/11/test-article/?edition=us&#038;ref=refinnar" class="text-decoration-none border-0"><h5>Test article</h5></a><p class="author"><a href="https://stage.unherd.com/2026/11/test-article/?edition=us&#038;ref=refinnar" class="text-decoration-none border-0"><span>By</span> Helen Thompson</a></p></div></a></div>
<p>The solution, of course, is not to rise to the bait. That isn&#8217;t to say we should applaud the end of monarchy in Her Majesty’s far-flung realms; but we must accept that any such decision is none of our business. Indeed, Brexiteers, more than anyone, should support the right of a country to assert its independence in whatever way it deems appropriate.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p>
<p>Besides, there’s nothing new to see here. Most of the nations that have gained their independence from Britain <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_realm#Former_realms" target="_blank" rel="noopener">opted</a> for their own heads of state. Some of them took their time getting around to it. The Maltese waited ten years, the Sri Lankans 14 and and the Mauritians 24. When Barbados became independent in 1966, the island’s first Prime Minister <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/sep/22/barbados-republic-free-tarnished-global-britain-queen-windrush-scandal" target="_blank" rel="noopener">warned</a> against “loitering on colonial premises after closing time”. But, in the event, the Barbadians waited 55 years.</p>
<p>I don’t blame them for hesitating. Having a head of state is an awkward business. Do you go for a powerful, but potentially polarising, figure like the Americans? Or do you go down the purely ceremonial route and end up with some has-been politician or boring academic? It’s no wonder that monarchy retains its sparkle.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p>
<p>However, if you haven’t got a royal family of your own, where do you get one? Newly sovereign nations used to borrow minor royals from other countries. Today, Harry and Meghan might fancy a crack at Canada, but sadly the royal transfer window has long since closed. And so, for <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_realm#Current_realms" target="_blank" rel="noopener">fourteen countries</a> — from Antigua and Barbuda to Tuvalu — the default option is to carry on with the same monarch as the British.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p>
<p>Which is fine, I’m sure we don’t mind sharing. But we shouldn’t kid ourselves that this isn’t an deeply odd arrangement. In fact, it’s very nearly unique. Apart from Elizabeth II, only one other person in the world today serves as head of state in more than one country: Emmanuel Macron, who by virtue of being President of France is also a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co-Princes_of_Andorra" target="_blank" rel="noopener">co-prince of Andorra</a>. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p>
<div class="ref-ar"><a href="https://stage.unherd.com/2021/11/the-rise-of-trinidads-cocaine-caliphate/?edition=us&#038;ref=refinnar" class="text-decoration-none border-0"><a href="https://stage.unherd.com/2021/11/the-rise-of-trinidads-cocaine-caliphate/?edition=us&#038;ref=refinnar" class="text-decoration-none border-0"><img decoding="async" src="https://stage.unherd.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/2jiefh-1.jpg?w=300" /></a><div class="content"><a href="https://stage.unherd.com/2021/11/the-rise-of-trinidads-cocaine-caliphate/?edition=us&#038;ref=refinnar" class="text-decoration-none border-0"><span class="meta">Suggested reading</span></a><a href="https://stage.unherd.com/2021/11/the-rise-of-trinidads-cocaine-caliphate/?edition=us&#038;ref=refinnar" class="text-decoration-none border-0"><h5>The rise of Trinidad&#039;s cocaine caliphate</h5></a><p class="author"><a href="https://stage.unherd.com/2021/11/the-rise-of-trinidads-cocaine-caliphate/?edition=us&#038;ref=refinnar" class="text-decoration-none border-0"><span>By</span> David Matthews</a></p></div></a></div>
<p>So if any or all the remaining realms opt for a more conventional arrangement, we shouldn’t take it personally. Replacing the Queen with someone who actually lives in the country is part and parcel of expressing sovereignty.</p>
<p>Yet sorting out a local head of state isn’t the only piece of post-imperial paperwork to be dealt with. The constitutional relics of the British Empire can be found across the world. Take the Union Jack, which can still be found on the flags of <a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-35890670" target="_blank" rel="noopener">four sovereign nations</a> besides the UK, not to mention several Canadian provinces and Hawaii. It would be understandable if these nations and territories wanted a flag of entirely local design. In fact, that’s what the New Zealand government proposed in 2016, though it was rejected in a referendum.</p>
<p>But if they ever change their minds, then, again, we Brits shouldn’t take it personally.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>One of the things that most annoyed Brexit voters in 2016 was the EU’s fatuous habit of stamping its flag where it wasn’t wanted — on our passports, on our number plates and on public works built with our money. I’m delighted that other countries have freely chosen to make the Union Jack their own; but should they come to think differently, then a redesign wouldn’t just deserve our understanding, but our respect. After all, we didn’t mind when the Canadians changed their flag in <a href="https://www.canada.ca/en/canadian-heritage/campaigns/national-flag-canada-day.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">1965</a>. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p>
<p>Indeed, contrary to the ravings of progressive ideologues, the British are far from obsessed with the Empire. It is the contemporary Left — not the Right — that can’t let the past go. Yet there is one thing that both sides still fail to understand, which is that the post-imperial era is also heading into the rear view.</p>
<p>As we’re discovering with Brexit, breaking free from a deeply embedded political order takes place suddenly in some respects and gradually in others. But while a transitional phase is inevitable, it is not interminable. Sooner or later, the new order is complete. From that point, it is time to look to the future.</p>
<div class="ref-ar"><a href="https://stage.unherd.com/2021/11/prince-charles-has-finally-won/?edition=us&#038;ref=refinnar" class="text-decoration-none border-0"><a href="https://stage.unherd.com/2021/11/prince-charles-has-finally-won/?edition=us&#038;ref=refinnar" class="text-decoration-none border-0"><img decoding="async" src="https://stage.unherd.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/2GettyImages-1182597869-scaled-e1636053044438.jpg?w=300" /></a><div class="content"><a href="https://stage.unherd.com/2021/11/prince-charles-has-finally-won/?edition=us&#038;ref=refinnar" class="text-decoration-none border-0"><span class="meta">Suggested reading</span></a><a href="https://stage.unherd.com/2021/11/prince-charles-has-finally-won/?edition=us&#038;ref=refinnar" class="text-decoration-none border-0"><h5>Prince Charles has finally won</h5></a><p class="author"><a href="https://stage.unherd.com/2021/11/prince-charles-has-finally-won/?edition=us&#038;ref=refinnar" class="text-decoration-none border-0"><span>By</span> Will Lloyd</a></p></div></a></div>
<p>We therefore need to think about our post-imperial institutions — and especially the Commonwealth. The organisation was created as a successor to empire, a way of fostering relationships with and among newly independent nations.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>But in the years and decades ahead, the living memories of that time are destined to dwindle away — a fact that will be painfully underlined when our Queen’s long reign comes to an end.</p>
<p>So while there’s every good reason to cultivate friendships between nations tied together by family, language and common values, basing that community on a long defunct empire is going to become irrelevant. If it is to survive for longer than the monarchies of the Caribbean, the Commonwealth will need to move on. The membership of Mozambique and Rwanda, neither of which were ever part of the British empire, should be taken as a precedent not an exception.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p>
<p>George VI was the first head of the Commonwealth. His daughter was the second; Charles will take over when the time comes. It is an extraordinary thing, based on nothing more than the continued respect of 54 independent and equal nations for one family. How long will that respect endure? There&#8217;s something for William to think about while he plays with his son on the beach.</p>
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									<item>
					<title>The rise of Trinidad&#8217;s cocaine caliphate</title>
					<link>https://stage.unherd.com/2021/11/the-rise-of-trinidads-cocaine-caliphate/?edition=us</link>
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					<dc:creator>
						<![CDATA[David Matthews]]>
					</dc:creator>
					<unherd:creator_img>https://stage.unherd.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/image.jpg?w=96</unherd:creator_img>
																<unherd:article_ranking></unherd:article_ranking>
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							<![CDATA[“The Trinidad-ISIS connection is not nonsense" (Al Jazeera)]]>
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						<unherd:twitter_bio>
							<![CDATA[<p><strong>David Matthews</strong> is an award-winning writer.</p>
]]>
						</unherd:twitter_bio>
						<unherd:twitter_handle>mrdavematthews</unherd:twitter_handle>
															<unherd:author_bio>
						<![CDATA[ is an award-winning writer.]]>
					</unherd:author_bio>
										<pubDate>Wed, 03 Nov 2021 00:01:32 +0000</pubDate>
					<updated>Wed, 03 Nov 2021 11:28:32 +0000</updated>
							<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Black Power]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Carribean]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[coup]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Drugs]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ISIS]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Islam]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Islamism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[jihad]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Libya]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Malcom X]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Syria]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Terrorism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Trinidad]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Trinidad and Tobago]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Venezuela]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[weapons]]></category>
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								<![CDATA[Its drug wars make it a breeding ground for Isis]]>
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								<![CDATA[<p>Separated by 6,000-odd miles and myriad cultural differences, Syria’s killing fields and the sun and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soca_music" target="_blank" rel="noopener">soca</a>-drenched beaches of Trinidad and Tobago seem, on the face of it, to be worlds apart. While Assad’s war-torn country has been crippled by a decade of civil conflict, Trinidad, compared with most of its Caribbean neighbours, is still reaping the benefits of its early-Eighties oil and natural gas boom.</p>
<p>But despite the obvious differences between a failed Arab state of 18 million and a dual-island nation of 1.3 million, the two countries have become strange bedfellows. As unlikely as it may seem, Trinidad has become one of the world’s key recruiting grounds for Isis, a status linked to the country&#8217;s other big wheeze: drug trafficking.</p>
<p>I was reminded of the connection between the Caribbean, the caliphate and cocaine last week after hearing of the death of 80-year-old <a href="https://www.miamiherald.com/news/nation-world/world/americas/article255206536.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Yasin Abu Bakr</a>, an imposing 6ft 6in former TV producer and ex-cop who, as leader of the Jamaat al Muslimeen movement, in 1990 pulled off an attempted coup in Trinidad. For the better part of a week, Abu Bakr was effectively the head of state, making him the only person to ever lead an Islamic coup in the Western Hemisphere.</p>
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<p>I met Abu Bakr in Port of Spain, Trinidad’s capital, in 2018 while researching a book on tribalism. Initially, I was drawn to him after more than 100 Trinidadians left home to join Isis and the jihadi cause, lured by a mix of fundamentalist ideology, warped romanticism and, in many cases, money. These young men travelled not just to Syria but also Iraq, often taking with them, and usually against their will, scores of women and children.</p>
<p>Given its small population, Trinidad has provided disproportionate numbers of jihadis to the ISIS cause. The US and Canada, with a combined population of some 350 million, larger Muslim communities and a seemingly more fertile breeding ground for anti-Western sentiment, are believed to have exported just 300 or so men and women to the Levant for jihad.</p>
<div class="ref-ar"><a href="https://stage.unherd.com/2021/08/will-tottenham-riot-again/?edition=us&#038;ref=refinnar" class="text-decoration-none border-0"><a href="https://stage.unherd.com/2021/08/will-tottenham-riot-again/?edition=us&#038;ref=refinnar" class="text-decoration-none border-0"><img decoding="async" src="https://stage.unherd.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/2GettyImages-120716909-scaled-e1627918328388.jpg?w=300" /></a><div class="content"><a href="https://stage.unherd.com/2021/08/will-tottenham-riot-again/?edition=us&#038;ref=refinnar" class="text-decoration-none border-0"><span class="meta">More from this author</span></a><a href="https://stage.unherd.com/2021/08/will-tottenham-riot-again/?edition=us&#038;ref=refinnar" class="text-decoration-none border-0"><h5>Why did Tottenham erupt?</h5></a><p class="author"><a href="https://stage.unherd.com/2021/08/will-tottenham-riot-again/?edition=us&#038;ref=refinnar" class="text-decoration-none border-0"><span>By</span> David Matthews</a></p></div></a></div>
<p>Yet in Trinidad, just 6% of the population are Muslim, and, of these, an estimated 90% are of Indian descent. While most are arguably “moderate”, a small minority has no strong attachment to their communities — thanks to a combination of atomised families, absent fathers, rampant drug addiction, gang culture and social marginalisation. Such a perfect storm feeds the worst excesses of identity politics, making young, impressionable and often desperate men vulnerable to the chest-beating Isis propaganda machine.</p>
<figure id="attachment_255519" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-255519" style="width: 745px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" class=" wp-image-255519" src="https://stage.unherd.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Untitled-4-300x162.jpg" alt="" width="745" height="402" /><figcaption id="caption-attachment-255519" class="wp-caption-text">Abu Bakr announcing the Government has been overthrown</figcaption></figure>
<p>But even before Isis existed as an idea, let alone as an organised terror group, the foundations of Islamic extremism were being laid in Trinidad. In the late Seventies, the island saw a revival of Islam that came off the back of an American black power movement underscored by the teachings of <a href="https://stage.unherd.com/2021/02/was-michael-x-a-gangster-or-a-madman/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Malcolm X</a> and Louis Farrakhan, as well as the Islamic revolution in Iran and the assertion of a more muscular, global Muslim identity. This Islamic reboot differed from the prevailing, passive Trinidadian Muslim identity and capitalised on endemic corruption, a growing gang problem fuelled by a burgeoning cocaine trade and a sense of alienation felt by many youths who were unable to access a piece of the oil and gas pie being divvied up by foreign capitalists and their government cronies.</p>
<p>Without proper education and lacking job opportunities, those who felt left behind began to turn to Islam as a way out, and a means of clearing the streets of the drugs that went hand in glove with the new money. Located seven miles north of Venezuela, which has an ultra-porous 1,378-mile border with the cocaine capital of the world, Colombia, drugs continue to enter Trinidad by speedboat and leave on container ships, planes and private yachts, as well as in condoms carried inside the stomachs of drug mules.</p>
<p>These narcotics often enter Trinidad with decommissioned Venezuelan military weapons, which explains the tendency of gangs in Port of Spain and elsewhere to have more firepower on the streets than most police forces. Perhaps that’s why an unofficial investigation by the government in 2009 found that up to 90% of cops were involved in illegality, <a href="https://foreignpolicy.com/2010/03/11/trouble-in-paradise-2/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ranging</a> from “running and selling drugs, to colluding with gangs by renting out weapons to criminals, to performing extra-legal killings”.</p>
<p>Throughout the Eighties, the Islamist reboot was seen as a counterpoint to a society that was rapidly turning into a Sodom and Gomorrah for urban youth. Muslim militias took the fight to the dealers, drug lords and gangs on the streets of Port of Spain and beyond, becoming a vigilante force to be reckoned with. Indeed, as the new incarnation of Islam became more and more powerful, its more pernicious fringes — who were more concerned with financial gain than philosophical enlightenment — became enforcers, protection racketeers and, in many cases, out-and-out gangsters themselves.</p>
<div class="ref-ar"><a href="https://stage.unherd.com/2021/03/how-drug-dealers-won-lockdown/?edition=us&#038;ref=refinnar" class="text-decoration-none border-0"><a href="https://stage.unherd.com/2021/03/how-drug-dealers-won-lockdown/?edition=us&#038;ref=refinnar" class="text-decoration-none border-0"><img decoding="async" src="https://stage.unherd.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/GettyImages-1231592906-1-1.jpg?w=300" /></a><div class="content"><a href="https://stage.unherd.com/2021/03/how-drug-dealers-won-lockdown/?edition=us&#038;ref=refinnar" class="text-decoration-none border-0"><span class="meta">More from this author</span></a><a href="https://stage.unherd.com/2021/03/how-drug-dealers-won-lockdown/?edition=us&#038;ref=refinnar" class="text-decoration-none border-0"><h5>How drug dealers won lockdown</h5></a><p class="author"><a href="https://stage.unherd.com/2021/03/how-drug-dealers-won-lockdown/?edition=us&#038;ref=refinnar" class="text-decoration-none border-0"><span>By</span> David Matthews</a></p></div></a></div>
<p>Already well-developed in the US, Prislam — a brand of prison-based Islam that conferred protection to its adherents and access to criminal networks both inside and outside of jail — soon took hold, causing schism after schism. Initially, these took the form of pseudo-religious &#8220;Muslims versus apostates&#8221; conflicts aimed at legitimising gang-on-gang assassinations. Then came &#8220;Muslims versus non-Muslims&#8221; contract killings — until it became expedient for gang members to either align themselves with the Prislamic “Muslim City” faction or their non-Muslim uber-gang rivals, “Rasta City”.</p>
<p>Semantics aside, the names of both organised crime groups soon had little to do with Mecca or Haile Selassie, save for some members who happened to be Muslims or Rastas, as well as drug dealers, hitmen and government stooges. But something had to give. With cocaine and oil came the juxtaposition of wealth and poverty, unbridled corruption and gangster politics, which eventually gave rise to an unprecedented rejection of the government.</p>
<p>Enter Abu Bakr.</p>
<p>Over afternoon tea in the Jamaat al Muslimeen compound in Port of Spain, Abu Bakr, a sardonic, charismatic character formerly known as Lennox Phillip, told me how on July 25, 1990, he mounted the coup with some 113 black Muslim foot soldiers, using intelligence sources to determine when key police and military figures were indisposed or out of town. The plotters duly blew up the capital’s main police station, took the local TV news channel and stormed parliament, taking the prime minister, ANR Robinson, and a number of his fellow legislators hostage at gunpoint for several days. Trinidad being Trinidad, chaos ensued. Riots led to several hundred injuries and some 30 deaths.</p>
<p>Having taken the Trinidadian government to task for its complicity in ramping up the country’s drug problems and spiralling violent crime, Abu Bakr’s audacious move, in fairness, was more a citizen’s arrest of the government than a <em>coup d&#8217;état</em>, designed to seize control and take the reins of power. Abu Bakr’s power grab came to an end when he and his followers gave themselves up. After being charged with murder and treason, Abu Bakr was released from prison two years later as part of an amnesty deal.</p>
<div class="ref-ar"><a href="https://stage.unherd.com/2021/02/was-michael-x-a-gangster-or-a-madman/?edition=us&#038;ref=refinnar" class="text-decoration-none border-0"><a href="https://stage.unherd.com/2021/02/was-michael-x-a-gangster-or-a-madman/?edition=us&#038;ref=refinnar" class="text-decoration-none border-0"><img decoding="async" src="https://stage.unherd.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Screenshot-2021-02-07-at-13.07.32-e1612981637722.png?w=300" /></a><div class="content"><a href="https://stage.unherd.com/2021/02/was-michael-x-a-gangster-or-a-madman/?edition=us&#038;ref=refinnar" class="text-decoration-none border-0"><span class="meta">More from this author</span></a><a href="https://stage.unherd.com/2021/02/was-michael-x-a-gangster-or-a-madman/?edition=us&#038;ref=refinnar" class="text-decoration-none border-0"><h5>Black radicals don&#039;t need white saviours</h5></a><p class="author"><a href="https://stage.unherd.com/2021/02/was-michael-x-a-gangster-or-a-madman/?edition=us&#038;ref=refinnar" class="text-decoration-none border-0"><span>By</span> Tomiwa Owolade</a></p></div></a></div>
<p>“We were a community outreach organisation,” he told me in his modest office, adding he still believed that he could have reversed Trinidad’s crime epidemic if he had succeeded. “A hundred people would convert at Friday prayers. We got money from Libya. We were cleaning up the drugs on the street — we were doing good work. We had outreach centres, feeding centres, shops, businesses, land, medical centres… The Government feared us.”</p>
<p>That fear, Abu Bakr said, had led to the government violently clamping down on his organisation. With no recourse to the law, Jamaat al Muslimeen’s seizure of power was, he claimed, as much about self-preservation as it was about ending corruption.</p>
<p>“It’s a known fact that many people who said they were Muslims manifested themselves as something else,” he suggested. Certainly Jamaat al Muslimeen struck me more as a sort of Islamic scout movement than an insurgency. But for a few that wasn’t enough; the lure of jihad was too great. “The Trinidad-ISIS connection is not nonsense,&#8221; Abu Bakr told me. &#8220;Many people left Trinidad to fight for ISIS because of the lack of hope.”</p>
<p>Is there any sign of that hope being restored? If there is, it is hard to spot. Three years after our conversation, the <a href="https://guardian.co.tt/news/nigerian-held-trying-to-export-over-10m-in-cocaine-6.2.1400233.d026bd3bae" target="_blank" rel="noopener">drugs</a> continue to flow into Trinidad — and <a href="https://guardian.co.tt/news/2-killed-as-gun-violence-continues-6.2.1407295.adbedaaa0f" target="_blank" rel="noopener">violence</a> continues to erupt. As Abu Bakr told me at the time: “This is the land of steel pan and carnival. This is supposed to be paradise. Yet for many, it is anything but.”</p>
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