To her credit, in her tenure as Equalities Minister Badenoch pushed new and somewhat saner schools guidance on transgender identity over the line. As an opponent of “woke” race politics, meanwhile, her track record is more ambivalent: as James McSweeney points out, a 2022 paper she championed as Equalities Minister entrenches DEI across the health service, as well as endorsing race-based loans and snooping on “hate speech” in private messages.

Is Badenoch not being transparent about her political stance against race-based quotas and “critical race theory”? Does she just not read the documents she endorses? Perhaps there’s a third possibility: that identity politics is just an unavoidable by-product of high-speed diversification. Britain has gone from an estimated 97% white British in 1971 to around 75% according to the 2021 census. It is a dramatic change, and one that has produced competing political priorities and confused responses. And the bitterest online Right-wing debates around Badenoch’s campaign were waged on the uncomfortable territory that has resulted.

Badenoch was born in London, grew up in Nigeria, and returned to the UK as a young adult. Is she British, or a foreigner? Opinions on the Right diverge sharply. Some both emphasised her Britishness while also highlighting her migrant status: a kind of Schrödinger’s identitarianism. On the one hand she was born in Britain, and therefore her childhood in Nigeria doesn’t matter; on the other hand her upbringing was the subject of Guardian headlines and represented a positive change. Which is it? Both, really.

Badenoch’s story makes her a Rorschach inkblot for the Right. It exposes deep divisions over whether — or how far — British conservatives embrace the American-style model of national belonging which aims at colour-blindness yet often fails, or one that retains an ethnocultural component. The anti-immigration faction made no bones about it: if you grow up somewhere else, you’re not one of us. This faction is usually kept out of the mainstream press, but denounced her online as an outsider with no right to lead a British political party. Others challenged this as unacceptable racism.

In turn, Badenoch’s campaign has attempted to communicate a post-identity “values”-based conservatism. But this overt aspiration to post-identitarian politics may be wishful thinking. For the more enthusiastically a polity tries to transcend ethnic identity, the less it emphasises integration or migration restrictionism, and the more pluralistic it becomes — and thus, inevitably, the more distinct interest groups will emerge.

I can think of no multiracial society that does not also feature racial politics. And yet it continues to be an aspiration of the liberal Right that we might one day attain such a polity, in which identities are pluralistic and yet also somehow irrelevant. If this never quite happens in practice, that is not Kemi Badenoch’s fault. But anyone who imagines her vocal disavowal of identity politics will deliver a Tory Party unburdened by such concerns may find themselves disappointed.

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Mary Harrington is a contributing editor at UnHerd.

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